What tool is used to monitor processes and ensure high-quality production?

Statistical process control (SPC) is an essential tool used to monitor and control production processes to ensure high quality. It employs statistical methods to observe the consistency of processes and identify any variations that may affect the final product. By analyzing data, SPC enables organizations to detect trends, monitor performance over time, and identify areas where the process may be deviating from desired standards.

Utilizing control charts, for example, allows managers and operators to visualize data in real-time and make informed decisions regarding process adjustments before defects occur. This proactive approach helps in maintaining quality and efficiency throughout the production cycle.

In contrast, the other options, while relevant in their contexts, do not specifically focus on the real-time monitoring and control of ongoing processes: process capability ratios assess the capability of a process to produce within specified limits, returns defect analysis evaluates the reasons behind product returns but does not inherently control quality during production, and reengineering involves redesigning processes to improve efficiency but is not a continuous monitoring tool.